Only a handful of countries have a lower per-capita GDP than Burkina Faso, yet it carried itself through a peaceful election following a 2014 coup. The constitution promises religious freedom, and religious organisations must register with the government. Even as the Muslim population increased rapidly, little had happened in Burkina Faso to mark it as especially hostile to Christians. That changed in January 2016, when elements associated with Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb attacked a hotel in the capital, Ouagadougou, killing 29 people, including seven Christians in the country on humanitarian missions. The BBC reported that the attack “would seem to be an attempt by AQIM not just to reinforce itself as the main jihadist group in the region, but also to show that it can spread its violent campaign to new frontiers”. (Photo: Hugues via Flickr; CC)

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